Do you want to build a successful and awesome website for your own company or for your customer in near future then it is very essential to know what are the Top 5 Web Technologies in 2021 so that you can stand on crowd of Digital Era of today.
Uses of Internet are growing rapidly worldwide. The World Wide Web (WWW) is the universe of network accessible information. The web has been built on a body of software, and a set of protocols and conventions, which makes it easy for anyone, through the use of different technologies to roam, browse, and contribute to it.
People are using many markups, programming and scripting languages to make web page dynamic and more attractive. As the time has changed, we have seen how user experience and web world also entirely changed.
Web designer and developers are using different type of programming and scripting languages on the basis of their requirement and demand.
As per my experience more than 10 years, it is learnt that computer science students are always confused about what to learn, how much learn and most important thing noticed that student don’t know what not to learn, I mean what is not so important to learn.
To solve all these questions, I prepared this article for students and guys who choose web development as a carrier so that they can get clear idea about what student actually need to learn for success in web development.
Top 5 Web Technologies are using experts and Web Developers in 2021 are listed below:
MARK-UP TECHNOLOGY:
Markup language is a type of language that web developers are used to markup and to create the structure of web pages. A markup language is a set of mark up tags.
There are number of markup languages are using by web developer, these are HTML, DHTML & XML.
HTML
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is the simple and powerful language used to describe web pages, and is still used as the main interface language to the web. HTML is not a programming language. HTML uses mark-up tags to describe web pages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags, enclosed in angle brackets <>.
HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags, known as empty elements, means they are unpaired for example <img>.
The first tag in a pair is called start tag, the second tag is the end tag they are also called opening tags and closing tags.
Web developers/ designers add text, tags, comments and other types of text based content between these tags.
The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and associated text within document of web pages. The basic structure of HTML document is:
To learn more about HTML, you can read this post where I explained HTML in detailed.
DHTML:
DHTML stands for Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language. Dynamic HTML gives us more control over the HTML elements and allows them to change at any time, without returning to the web server.
DHTML is not a language but a term used for a combination of technologies- HTML, CSS, JavaScript and DOM, which are used together to create dynamic and interactive web pages.
XML:
XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. XML is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML. XML was designed to carry data, not to display data.
XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human readable and machine readable.
XML focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures.
XML contains shapes, labels, structures and protects information. XML is a popular and widely implemented standard, use to create documents and data records that are fully portable and platform independent.
XML have many features, most popular features are 1) Easy Data Exchange, 2) Customizing markup language, 3) Self describing data, 4) Structured and integrated data, 5) Well formed XML documents and 6) Valid XML documents.
To create an XML document, we have to start with a single root element. All XML documents being with an XML declaration. The XML declaration identifies the document as being XML and provides the version number of the XML standard being used. Also specify an encoding standard.
<?xml version = “1.0” encoding = “utf-8” ?>
STYLING TECHNOLOGY:
HTML style sheets are called CSS because it can be defined at three different levels to specify the style of a document. The three levels of style sheets are inline style, document level style, and external style.
Inline style sheets apply to the content of a single tag, document level style sheets apply to the whole body of a document, and external style sheets can apply to the bodies of any number of documents.
CSS:
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS is the language use to style an HTML document. CSS allows users to attach style (like, fonts, spacing, colours, back grounds) to structured documents by separating content of documents and the presentation style of documents.
CSS rules define what the HTML should look like and how it should behave in the browser window. Rules have three parts- Selectors, Properties and Values.
CSS lets you make changes to an entire documents. CSS operates by collecting all the different properties such as bold, italic, font size etc. that you want to apply to similar types of text, then giving these groups of properties a common name.
SCRIPTING TECHNOLOGY:
Scripting languages allows us to accesses and dynamically controls the individual properties of both HTML and CSS.
If anyone talk about scripting languages, then name of JavaScript is comes always first.
JavaScript:
JavaScript is most popular programming language in the world because it is easy to learn.
JavaScript is the scripting language used to add interactivity to the browser and web pages. JavaScript can be used to manipulate our web pages to perform a variety of functions.
We can use JavaScript to perform a variety of functions, these are:
1. JavaScript can be set to execute when something happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML element.
2. JavaScript can read and change the content of an HTML element.
3. JavaScript can be used to validate form data before it is submitted to a server.
4. JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor’s browser.
5. JavaScript can be used to create cookies to store and retrieve information on the visitor’s of computer.
JavaScript is embedded between <SCRIPT> </SCRIPT> tags. JavaScript can be used number of ways in an HTML file, i.e. i) Header Scripts, ii) Body Scripts, and iii) Called directly when certain events occur.
JavaScript is an Object Oriented Programming language. Objects are a way of organizing the variables. Here objects mean different screen elements such as Web pages, forms, text boxes, images and buttons.
There are various types of objects in JavaScript, these are 1) Naming Objects, 2) Built in Objects, 3) Document Object, 4) Window Object, and 5) History Object.
PHP:
PHP stands for Hypertext Pre-processor. In 1995, the first use of the name officially called PHP “Personal Home Page (PHP Tools)”.
JavaScript is a client side programming language, while PHP is a server side scripting language. Server side scripts are special commands web developers are placed in Web pages.
PHP is one of the best technologies used in almost all web applications. PHP is a tool used for making dynamic and interactive web pages. PHP offers many advantages, it is fast, stable, secure, easy to use and open source.
PHP scripts are always enclosed in between two PHP tags. PHP scripting block always start with <?php and ends with ?>.
Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon. The semicolon is a separator and is used to distinguish one set of instructions from another.
Just like other programming languages like C, C++ & Java, PHP is also a powerful programming language. To use PHP in our web development, we need to learn at least basic of PHP. These are:
- How to use variable in PHP
- Knowledge about operators in PHP
- PHP Arrays
- How to use Functions in PHP- the real power of PHP comes from its functions.
RESPONSIVE DESIGN:
As the time has changed, the use of smart phone has grown rapidly and people are browsing on smart phone and tablets instead of a desktop computer or a laptop to search their topic or visit to any website.
To give the user a better experience, web developer need to add additional style i.e. “Responsive Web Design” to their web pages and web applications. A responsive web design means a website that is able to adapt the screen it is being used on, regardless of what device it is.
Therefore, it is very important to add responsive web design to all website so that your website works well on a smart phone, mobile devices and tablet.
Responsive web design has many benefits, it can improve user experience and if your customer can access your website easily on all platforms, they are more like to visit your website in the future.
Responsive web design is all about creating web pages that look good on all devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, and phones).
I think now you get a clear idea about what responsive design and why it is so important.
You can add a responsive design while building a website or you can make responsive an existing site. To apply responsive design to any website, you need to add some changes in your code and style.
- Add setting to viewport and initial scale
- Make your all images responsive
- Add responsive Text Size
- Add Bootstrap to make your website responsive
CMS TECHNOLOGY:
CMS stands for Content Management System. A content management system is a piece of software that allows user to easily manage content and create a website.
Building a website without a CMS platform is quite complicated and need to learn and write a lot of code. So it is very useful to use a CMS platforms for your website.
There are lots of CMS platforms available in the market, most popular are WordPress, Shopify, Squarespace, Joomla, Drupal, Wix, Magento, OpenCart etc.
I hope this article somehow helped you to explore what are the Top 5 Web Technologies in 2021. If you found this article somehow valuable for you, please share it on Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp and with your friends.
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